Key points for programming Swiss CNC lathes
Preparation before programming
Youdaoplaceholder0 Drawing analysis : After obtaining the part drawing, it is necessary to clarify the processing requirements, determine the shape, size, tolerance and surface quality requirements of the part. For instance, when processing a precise shaft part, it is necessary to clearly understand the specific parameters of the shaft such as its diameter, length, and surface roughness, and based on this, plan the processing procedures.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Process planning : Based on the analysis results of the drawings, determine the processing technology process, including the selection of appropriate tools and fixtures, clamping and positioning methods, processing routes (such as feed routes, tool setting points, tool changing points, etc.) and process parameters (such as feed rate, spindle speed, cutting rate and cutting depth, etc.). For instance, for slender shaft parts, it is necessary to select fixtures that can be stably clamped and plan the processing route of rough turning first and then fine turning.
Programming method
Youdaoplaceholder0 manual programming
Youdaoplaceholder0 applicable scenarios : It is suitable for point processing or parts processing with not too complex geometric shapes, as well as programming situations with small computational loads and few program segments. For example, processing simple cylindrical and conical parts.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Step : First, perform numerical calculations. Most CNC systems have tool compensation functions. It is only necessary to calculate the coordinate values of the intersection points of adjacent geometric elements of the shape to obtain the coordinate values of the starting points, ends, and the centers of the arcs of each geometric element. Then, based on the calculated coordinate values of the tool movement trajectory and the determined processing parameters and auxiliary actions, combined with the coordinate instruction codes and program segment formats specified by the CNC system, the part processing program sheet is written segment by segment and input into the memory of the CNC device. For instance, when processing a simple outer circle shaft, by manually calculating the dimensions of each section, a program is written to control the movement of the cutting tool and the rotation of the spindle.
Youdaoplaceholder0 automatic programming
Youdaoplaceholder0 applicable scenarios : For parts with complex shapes (especially those composed of curved surfaces), manual programming involves a large amount of work and cumbersome data processing, which is prone to errors. At this time, automatic programming is highly efficient and reliable.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Commonly used software : Professional CAM software that provides excellent solutions for Swiss longitudinal cutting lathes and turning and milling compound machines. It can decompose the complex workpiece surface into a series of planes and simple surfaces, and achieve individual programming such as turning, plane milling and cylindrical surface processing in different FACE Windows. For instance, when programming a watch part with complex curved surfaces using this software, accurate G-code NC files can be generated quickly.
Common programming codes
Youdaoplaceholder0 G code
Youdaoplaceholder0 Motion control code : G00 stands for quick positioning, which is used to quickly move the tool to the designated position; G01 stands for Linear interpolation and is used for linear cutting. G02 and G03 respectively represent clockwise and counterclockwise circular interpolation. For instance, in programming, the G00 X50 Z100 is used to quickly move the tool to the coordinate positions (50,100), and the G01 X80 F200 is used to linearly cut at a feed rate of 200mm/min to the position of X = 80.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Coordinate setting code : G50 is an instruction that specifies the origin of the workpiece coordinate system. When the G50 instruction is executed, the machine tool does not move, and the system internally remembers the coordinate values, which is equivalent to establishing a workpiece coordinate system with the origin of the workpiece as the coordinate origin within the system. G90 is an absolute coordinate programming instruction. The coordinate values of all coordinate points are calculated from the origin of the workpiece coordinate system. G91 is an incremental coordinate programming instruction. The coordinate values in the coordinate system are calculated relative to the previous position (or starting point) of the tool.
Youdaoplaceholder0 M code : It is used to control the auxiliary functions of the machine tool. For example, M03 is the forward rotation command of the spindle, which starts the spindle to rotate clockwise. M06 is an automatic tool change command, which is used to change tools during the processing. M30 is the program termination instruction, indicating that the program has completed its operation.
Programming example
Take the processing of a cylindrical part with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner hole of 10mm and a length of 30mm as an example.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Drawing analysis : It is confirmed that the part is cylindrical. Requirements such as outer diameter tolerance, inner hole tolerance and surface roughness need to be obtained from the drawing.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Process planning : Select appropriate fixtures to hold the raw materials. First, perform rough machining of the outer circle, then rough machining of the inner hole, followed by fine machining of the outer circle and inner hole, and finally cut off the parts. Determine the process parameters such as the spindle speed and feed rate. For example, when roughly machining the outer circle, the spindle speed is 500r/min and the feed rate is 0.3mm/r.
Youdaoplaceholder0 programming :
Youdaoplaceholder0 Manual programming : Write programs based on the calculated tool path and process parameters. For example:
text
Copy Code
O0001; (Program Number
G90 G54 G00 X50 Z100; (Absolute coordinate programming, setting the workpiece coordinate system, quickly locating to a safe position)
M03 S500; (The main shaft rotates forward at a speed of 500r/min)
G00 X22 Z2; (Quickly locate the starting point of rough machining of the outer circle)
G01 X20 F0.3; (Linear cutting, turning the outer circle to a diameter of 20mm)
G00 X50 Z100; (Quickly return to a safe position
M05; (Spindle stops
M06 T02; (Change to Tool No. 2 for inner hole processing)
M03 S400; (The main shaft rotates forward at a speed of 400r/min)
G00 X8 Z2; (Quickly locate the starting point of rough machining of the inner hole)
G01 Z-30 F0.2; (Linear cutting, drilling the inner hole to a depth of 30mm)
G00 X50 Z100; (Quickly return to a safe position
M05; (Spindle stops
M06 T03; (Change to No. 3 tool for finish machining)
M03 S800; (The main shaft rotates forward at a speed of 800r/min)
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